• Howell MR

• Chiropractors / history / Minnesota
• Chiropractors, Women
• Chiropractors, Women / history

Dozens of women advertised chiropractic services in Minnesota newspapers and city directories from 1899 to 1919. This article focuses on those women who advertised their chiropractic practices publicly, while acknowledging that many more are likely to have been in practice during the time period.  Sixty-nine women chiropractors have been found so far, in newspaper advertisements and articles and in the Minneapolis and St. Paul city directory listings.  One-third first sought patients in 1899-1909 and two-thirds in 1910-1919; 61% practiced five years or more, with 17% practicing thiry years or more.  Women made up 20% of licensed chiropractors in 1919.  Twenty-nine percent practiced with others, typically their spouse; 17% had at least one other health care profession prior or concurrent to their chiropractic practice; 29% practiced outside of the state's major cities of Minneapolis and St. Paul for at least part of their careers; and 12% advertised for students as well as patients. Each individual chiropractor is profiled, with names and practice dates and locations given for each, and schools attended, state chiropractic license details, examples from publications, or other information included when available.

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