• Hofstetter L
• Häusler M
• Mühlemann M
• Nyirö L
• Mühlemann D
• Hincapie CA

• Affiliation / University of Zürich. Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI). Department of Epidemiology
• Affiliation / University of Zürich. Orthopaedic University Hospital Balgrist. Department of Chiropractic Medicine
• Affiliation(G) / Switzerland / Zurich
• Chiropractic / Switzerland
• Electronic Health Records
• Health Services Research
• Musculoskeletal Pain
• Open Access Document
• Outcome Assessment, Health Care
• Outpatient Clinics, Hospital

Background: The Balgrist University Hospital in Zurich, Switzerland, is an academic hospital focused on musculoskeletal disorders. An integrated chiropractic medicine clinic provides chiropractic care to a broad patient population. This health services research study aims to advance understanding of chiropractic healthcare service for quality assurance and healthcare quality improvement.

Methods: We performed an observational clinical cohort study at the Balgrist chiropractic medicine outpatient clinic in 2019. The records of all patients with initial visits or returning initial visits (> 3 months since last visit) and their subsequent visits from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2019, were used to create the study dataset. Data collected included demographic characteristics, diagnoses, imaging data, conservative treatments, surgeries, and other clinical care data. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize data.

Results: 1844 distinct patients (52% female, mean age 48 ± 17 years) were eligible and included in the study. 1742 patients had a single initial visit, 101 had 2 initial visits, and 1 patient had 3 initial visits during the study period (total of 1947 initial visit records). The most common main diagnoses were low back pain (42%; 95% CI 40–46%), neck pain (22%; 20–24%), and thoracic pain (8%; 7–9%). 32% of patients presented with acute (< 4 weeks) symptoms, 11% subacute (4–12 weeks), and 57% chronic (> 12 weeks). Patients had a median of 5 chiropractic visits during their episode of care within a median of 28 days duration. Only 49% (95% CI 47–52%) of patient records had a clinical outcome that was extractable from routine clinical documentation in the hospital information system.

Conclusion: This health services study provides an initial understanding of patient characteristics and healthcare delivered in a Swiss academic hospital chiropractic outpatient setting and areas for improved clinical data quality assurance. A more concerted effort to systematically collect patient reported outcome measures would be a worthwhile healthcare quality improvement initiative.

Author keywords: Musculoskeletal pain - Chiropractic - Outpatient care - Health services research - Outcome assessment - Electronic health records

Author affiliations: LH, MH, MM, LN, DM, CAH: Department of Chiropractic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Balgrist University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; CAH: Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Corresponding author: Cesar A Hincapié: cesar.hincapie@uzh.ch

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