Abstract: Shoulder joint dysfunction manifested in the form of pain, muscle weakness and limited range of motion is almost always associated with anatomical disorders both of degenerative or inflammatory origin. In many cases the causes of the disease remain unclear.
In this paper I consider three approaches for clinicians: the orthopaedic model, the fascial dysfunction model, and the neuromuscular (reflex) model. Each of these approaches is justified in terms of aetiology, treatment and has statistically reliable positive results.
Muscles, although they depend largely on ligaments, tendons, fascia, play a key role in stabilisation and movement. Being organised into subsystems of muscle‑fascial chains (MFC) they ensure the functioning of a single system of biotensegrity.
The large number of approaches and proposed treatment methods highlights the complexity shoulder joint diseases problem. Each of the models presented here demonstrates significant advantages, and which of these models a specialist should choose depends on many factors
Indexing Terms: shoulder; adhesive capsulitis; frozen shoulder; Impingement syndrome; rotator cuff; fascia.
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