• Whalen WM
• Hawk C
• Farabaugh RJ
• Daniels CJ
• Taylor DN
• Anderson KR
• Crivelli LS
• Anderson DR
• Thomson LM
• Sarnat RL

• Low Back Pain / diagnosis
• Low Back Pain / therapy
• Manipulation, Chiropractic
• Open Access Document

Objective: The purpose of this paper was to update the previously published 2016 best-practice recommendations for chiropractic management of adults with mechanical low back pain (LBP) in the United States.

Methods: Two experienced health librarians conducted the literature searches for clinical practice guidelines and other relevant literature, and the investigators performed quality assessment of included studies. PubMed was searched from March 2015 to September 2021. A steering committee of 10 experts in chiropractic research, education, and practice used the most current relevant guidelines and publications to update care recommendations. A panel of 69 experts used a modified Delphi process to rate the recommendations.

Results: The literature search yielded 14 clinical practice guidelines, 10 systematic reviews, and 5 randomized controlled trials (all high quality). Sixty-nine members of the panel rated 38 recommendations. All but 1 statement achieved consensus in the first round, and the final statement reached consensus in the second round. Recommendations covered the clinical encounter from history, physical examination, and diagnostic considerations through informed consent, co-management, and treatment considerations for patients with mechanical LBP.

Conclusion: This paper updates a previously published best-practice document for chiropractic management of adults with mechanical LBP.

Author keywords: Low Back Pain; Manipulation, Chiropractic; Manipulation, Orthopedic; Manipulation, Osteopathic; Musculoskeletal Manipulations

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